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Taken from WWW.pubmed.gov (testosterone studies)
Diabetes Care. 2004 May;27(5):1036-41.
Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin predict the metabolic syndrome and
diabetes in middle-aged men.
Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, Nyyssonen K, Tuomainen TP, Valkonen VP, Salonen R, Salonen JT
Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
OBJECTIVE: In men, hypoandrogenism is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome, but the role of
sex hormones in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes is not well understood. We assessed
the association of low levels of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with the development
of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in men.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Concentrations of SHBG and
total and calculated free testosterone and factors related to insulin resistance were determined at
baseline in 702 middle-aged Finnish men participating in a population-based cohort study. These men had
neither diabetes nor the metabolic syndrome.
RESULTS: After 11 years of follow-up, 147 men had developed
the metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program criteria) and 57 men diabetes. Men with
total testosterone, calculated free testosterone, and SHBG levels in the lower fourth had a severalfold
increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.4; 1.7, 1.2-2.5;
and 2.8, 1.9-4.1, respectively) and diabetes (2.3, 1.3-4.1; 1.7, 0.9-3.0; and 4.3, 2.4-7.7, respectively)
after adjustment for age. Adjustment for potential confounders such as cardiovascular disease, smoking,
alcohol intake, and socioeconomic status did not alter the associations. Factors related to insulin
resistance attenuated the associations, but they remained significant, except for free testosterone.
CONCLUSIONS: Low total testosterone and SHBG levels independently predict development of the metabolic
syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Thus, hypoandrogenism is an early marker for disturbances in
insulin and glucose metabolism that may progress to the metabolic syndrome or frank diabetes and may
contribute to their pathogenesis.
PMID: 15111517 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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