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Taken from WWW.pubmed.gov (testosterone studies)
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2007 Jun;14(3):226-34.
Androgen deficiency, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome in men.
Kalyani RR, Dobs AS.
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The burden of androgen deficiency in men with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome has become increasingly
apparent in population-based studies. This article focuses on the mechanisms underlying the interdependent relationship
between these conditions.
RECENT FINDINGS: Various definitions of hypogonadism, the metabolic syndrome and diabetes have been proposed and are used in the
literature. Cross-sectional studies have found that between 20 and 64% of men with diabetes have hypogonadism, with higher prevalence
rates found in the elderly. Hypogonadism can be a risk factor for the development of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome through
various mechanisms including changes in body composition; androgen receptor polymorphisms; glucose transport; and reduced antioxidant
effect. Conversely, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome can be risk factors for hypogonadism through some similar but mostly
distinct mechanisms, such as increased body weight; decreased sex hormone binding globulin levels; suppression of gonadotrophin
release or Leydig cell testosterone production; cytokine-mediated inhibition of testicular steroid production; and increased aromatase
activity contributing to relative estrogen excess.
SUMMARY: The relationship between diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and androgen deficiency is complex. Testosterone supplementation,
by either oral or intramuscular routes and through exogenous or endogenous delivery, has a promising role in this population although
further clinical trials are needed.
PMID: 17940444 [PubMed - in process]
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